Opium is obtained from the unripe seed pods of the opium poppy. Opium resin contains two groups of alkaloids: phenanthrenes (including morphine and codeine) and benzylisoquinolines (including papaverine). Morphine is by far the most prevalent and important alkaloid in opium, consisting of 10-16% of the total. Morphine remains a popular drug for the treatment of severe pain. Opiates work by decreasing the brain’s perception of pain and in addition, can create feelings of euphoria. This mood enhancement often leads to addiction and physiological dependence. Side effects of opiates can include sedation, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, respiratory depression, physical dependence and tolerance.
